GCN Circular 41014
Subject
EP250702a/ GRB 250702B: NuSTAR X-ray Observations
Event
Date
2025-07-07T17:46:46Z (6 days ago)
From
Brendan O'Connor at Carnegie Mellon University <boconno2@andrew.cmu.edu>
Via
Web form
Brendan O’Connor (CMU), Dheeraj Pasham (Eureka Scientific/George Washington), Igor Andreoni (UNC), Jeremy Hare (Catholic/GSFC) report on behalf of a larger collaboration:
We observed the X-ray transient EP250702a (GCN 40906), which is also associated with the multiple gamma-ray triggers designated as GRB 250702B/D/E (GCNs 40883, 40886, 40890, 40891, 40931, 40903, 40914, 40923), with the NuSTAR X-ray Telescope through a Target of Opportunity observation through GO program 11282 (PI: Pasham). The observation occurred between 2025-07-03 20:45:21 and 2025-07-04 09:15:00 UTC for an on-source exposure of ~21.5 ks, simultaneous with Swift/XRT observations (ObsID: 19906002).
The source is clearly detected at an average rate of ~0.4 cts/s. The 3-79 keV X-ray lightcurve shows short term variability throughout the full exposure in both FPMA and FPMB, but no flaring is observed. The source varies in count rate by a factor of 2-3 on timescales as short as a few ks. Compared to NuSTAR observations of GRB 221009A at a similar count rate (GCNs 32695, 32788), the source shows more significant variability, which we suggest disfavors an ultralong GRB origin, especially in conjunction with the July 1st onset reported by the Einstein Probe (GCN 40906).
The X-ray spectra are featureless and do not show any Fe lines or reflection features. This is consistent with the lack of features in the Swift/XRT spectra. The 3-79 keV spectrum (FPMA+FPMB) is well fit by an absorbed powerlaw with a photon index of Gamma~1.81+/-0.03, which is consistent with the initial Swift/XRT spectral index within errors (GCN 40919). The hydrogen column density was fixed to 1e22 cm^-2 as per the best-fit Swift/XRT spectra (see https://www.swift.ac.uk/LSXPS/transients/9377). The unabsorbed 3-79 keV flux (time-averaged) is (2.35+/-0.05)e-11 erg/cm^2/s during our observation.
We also performed a fit with an absorbed cutoff powerlaw and find a cutoff energy >60 keV. In this case, the best-fit photon index is Gamma~1.67+/-0.08. This has better agreement with the EP/FXT result, although the FXT observation was obtained at an earlier time (GCN 40917). The C-stat between both fits to the NuSTAR data was nearly identical and the cutoff powerlaw is not a statistically significant improvement. We suggest that the lack of Fe lines, and lack of cutoff in the powerlaw spectra (out to at least 60 keV), is atypical for an X-ray binary.
We performed a Lomb-Scargle analysis on the barycenter corrected X-ray data, and did not identify any periodic signals over the frequency range 1e-3 to 100 Hz, consistent with the EP/FXT report (GCN 40917). The periodogram becomes red noise dominated below 3e-3 Hz.
Further analysis is underway and additional NuSTAR and Swift observations are planned.
We thank the NuSTAR SOC, and in particular Karl Forster and Brian Grefenstette, for promptly implementing these observations.