GRB 250427A, EP250427a
GCN Circular 40257
Subject
EP250427a: Einstein Probe detection of a fast X-ray transient
Date
2025-04-27T09:34:46Z (a month ago)
Edited On
2025-04-29T14:17:06Z (a month ago)
From
EP Team at NAOC/CAS <ep_ta@bao.ac.cn>
Edited By
Vidushi Sharma at NASA GSFC/UMBC <vidushi.sharma@nasa.gov> on behalf of EP Team at NAOC/CAS <ep_ta@bao.ac.cn>
Via
Web form
Y. Wang (PMO, CAS), D. Y. Li (NAO, CAS), Y. Q. Zhao (USTC, PRIC), J. H. Wu (GZHU), Y. Liu (NAO, CAS) behalf of the Einstein Probe (EP) team:
We report on the detection of a fast X-ray transient by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission, designated EP250427a (GCN Notice ID 01709135324). The WXT position of the source is R.A. = 277.281 deg, DEC = 7.570 deg (J2000) with an uncertainty of 2.0 arcmin in radius (90% C.L. statistical and systematic).
A preliminary analysis of the EP-WXT data shows that the transient began at 2025-04-27T03:38:45(UTC) (before which the satellite was in the SAA region, and the real start time might be earlier than the value reported here) and lasted for about 180s, with a peak flux of 2 x 10^-8 erg/cm^2/s. The averaged WXT spectrum can be fitted by an absorbed power law model with a photon index of 1.70 (+0.36, -0.34) and a column density of 3.92 (+0.14, -0.13) x 10^21 cm^-2. The unabsorbed 0.5-4 keV flux is about 1.96 (+0.31, -0.23) x 10^-9 erg/cm^2/s.
A follow-up observation with the Follow-up X-ray Telescope (FXT) was performed about 5 hours after the WXT detection. Within the WXT error circle, an uncatalogued X-ray source was detected at R.A. = 277.2746 deg, DEC = 7.5639 deg (J2000) with an uncertainty of 20 arcsec in radius (90% C.L. statistical and systematic). Further information will be updated when the telemetry data is received.
The contact TA of EP250427a is Y. Wang. Please contact him via email wangyun@pmo.ac.cn if needed.
Launched on January 9, 2024, EP is a space X-ray observatory to monitor the soft X-ray sky with X-ray follow-up capability (Yuan et al. 2022, Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics).
GCN Circular 40258
Subject
EP250427a: Global MASTER-Net observations report
Date
2025-04-27T10:09:47Z (a month ago)
From
Vladimir Lipunov at Moscow State U/Krylov Obs <lipunov@xray.sai.msu.ru>
Via
email
V.Lipunov, E.Gorbovskoy, A.Kuznetsov, K.Zhirkov, I.Panchenko, N.Tiurina, P.Balanutsa, V.Topolev, D.Vlasenko,
G.Antipov, A.Sankovich, Yu.Tselik, Ya.Kechin, V.Senik, A.Chasovnikov, K.Labsina, I. Gorbunov (Lomonosov MSU),
O.Gress, N.Budnev (ISU),
C.Francile, F. Podesta, R.Podesta, E. Gonzalez (Observatorio Astronomico Felix Aguilar (OAFA),
A. Tlatov, D. Dormidontov (Kislovodsk Solar Station of the Pulkovo Observatory),
A.Sosnovskij (CrAO),
A. Gabovich, V.Yurkov (Blagoveschensk Educational StateUniversity),
D.Buckley (SAAO),
R.Rebolo (The Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias),
L.Carrasco, J.R.Valdes, V.Chavushyan, V.M.Patino Alvarez, J.Martinez,
A.R.Corella, L.H.Rodriguez (INAOE, Guillermo Haro Astrophysics Observatory)
MASTER-OAFA robotic telescope (Global MASTER-Net: http://observ.pereplet.ru, Lipunov et al., 2010, Advances in Astronomy, vol. 2010, 30L) located in Argentina (OAFA observatory of San Juan National University) was pointed to the EP250427a ( EP Team et al., GCN 40257) errorbox 254 sec after notice time and 21870 sec after trigger time at 2025-04-27 09:43:15 UT, with upper limit up to 18.4 mag. The observations began at zenith distance = 41 deg. The sun altitude is -17.5 deg.
The galactic latitude b = 8 deg., longitude l = 37 deg.
Real time updated cover map and OT discovered available here:
https://master.sai.msu.ru/site/master2/observ.php?id=2854486
We obtain a following upper limits.
Tmid-T0 | Date Time | Site | Coord (J2000) |Filt.| Expt. | Limit| Comment
_________|_____________________|_____________________|____________________________________|_____|_______|_______|________
21901 | 2025-04-27 09:43:15 | MASTER-OAFA | (18h 28m 05.12s , +07d 20m 04.3s) | C | 60 | 18.4 |
Filter C is a clear (unfiltred) band.
The observation and reduction will continue.
The message may be cited.
GCN Circular 40259
Subject
EP 250427a: BOOTES-7 optical afterglow candidate
Date
2025-04-27T10:11:14Z (a month ago)
From
I. Perez-Garcia at Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia <ipg@iaa.es>
Via
Web form
I. Perez-Garcia, A. J. Castro-Tirado, E. Fernandez-Garcia, S.-Y. Wu, M.D. Caballero-Garcia, R. Sanchez-Ramirez, S. Guziy (IAA-CSIC), C. Perez del Pulgar (Univ. de Malaga), G. Garcia-Segura (Inst. de Astronomia, UNAM), M. Gritsevich (Univ. of Helsinki), D. R. Xiong (Yunnan Observatories of CAS), Y.-D. Hu (GuangXi Univ.), B.-B. Zhang (Nanjing Univ.) and A. Maury (Space, San Pedro de Atacama), on behalf of a larger collaboration, report:
Following the detection of EP 250427a by EP (Wang et al., GCNC 40257), the 0.6m BOOTES-7 robotic telescope at San Pedro de Atacama (Chile) automatically responded to this fast X-ray transient starting on Apr 27, 07:21:09 UT (i.e., ~4 hours after detection). In the first 60 s exposure image, an uncatalogued source is detected at the EP-FXT position, at coordinates (J2000): RA = 18:29:05.7, Dec = +07:33:46.5, with a preliminary magnitude of 18.1 +/- 0.08 mag (clear filter) using GaiaDR3 Gmag as a reference, which we propose to be the optical afterglow to EP 250427a. Spectroscopic observations are encouraged.
We thank the staff at San Pedro de Atacama Celestial Observations for their excellent support.
GCN Circular 40260
Subject
EP250427a: TRT optical counterpart detection
Date
2025-04-27T10:13:08Z (a month ago)
From
Dong Xu at NAOC/CAS <dxu@nao.cas.cn>
Via
Web form
X. Liu, Z.P. Zhu, S.Q. Jiang (NAOC), S. Tinyanont, R. Anutarawiramkul, P. Butpan (NARIT), S.Y. Fu (HUST), J. An, Z. Fan, W.X. Li, N.C. Sun, Y.N. Wang, D. Xu (NAOC) report on behalf of a large collaboration:
We observed the field of EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN 40257), using the 0.7-m telescope of the Thai Robotic Telescope network (TRT), located at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile. Observations started at 07:24:25.019 UTC on 2025-04-27, i.e., ~3.67 hr after the EP/WXT trigger and 6x200 s frames in the Sloan r-band were obtained.
An uncatalogued and varying optical source is detected within the EP/FXT error circle (Wang et al., GCN 40257) at coordinates
R.A. (J2000) = 18:29:05.73
Dec. (J2000) = +7:33:46.27
with an uncertainty of ~ 0.5 arcsec. Preliminary photometry shows that the source has r ~ 17.9 mag at 3.96 hr post-trigger, calibrated with Pan-STARRS DR2 catalog and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
We think that this source is the optical counterpart of the event.
GCN Circular 40262
Subject
GRB 250427A/ EP250427a: Fermi-GBM Sub-Threshold Detection
Date
2025-04-27T12:34:44Z (a month ago)
From
mariaedvige.ravasio@ru.nl
Via
Web form
M. E. Ravasio (Radboud Univ.), E. Burns (LSU), Adam Goldstein (USRA) and P.G. Jonker (Radboud Univ.) report on behalf of the Fermi-GBM Team:
Fermi-GBM had full spatial and temporal coverage of the transient EP250427a detected by EP-WXT (Wang et al., GCN 40257). There was no Fermi-GBM onboard trigger around the EP starting time at T0=2025-04-27T03:38:45 UTC.
The GBM Targeted Search [1], the most sensitive, coherent search for GRB-like signals, was run in the time interval [-50;+500] s from the EP T0. A transient was found most significantly at T0+53 s on a 32 s timescale, with a false alarm rate of 5.9e-05 Hz (although there is evidence for signal at ~T0-10s). The localisation is consistent with the EP one, with a spatial association probability of 98.5%. Among the three spectral templates tested, the transient was best-fit with a "soft" spectrum (i.e., a Band function with Epeak = 70 keV, alpha = -1.9, beta = -3.7) for a GRB.
[1] Goldstein et al. 2019 arXiv:1903.12597
GCN Circular 40264
Subject
EP250427a: REM optical/NIR afterglow detection
Date
2025-04-27T13:23:16Z (a month ago)
From
Riccardo Brivio at INAF-OAB <riccardo.brivio@inaf.it>
Via
Web form
R. Brivio, M. Ferro, P. D’Avanzo, S. Covino, D. Fugazza (INAF-OAB) report on behalf of the REM team:
We observed the field of EP250427a detected by EP/WXT (Wang et al., GCN 40257), also seen by Fermi/GBM (Ravasio et al., GCN 40262) with the REM 60 cm robotic telescope located at the ESO observatory of La Silla (Chile). The observations were carried in the g, r, i, z, J, H, and K bands, started on 2025 April 27 at 07:20:13 UT (i.e. 3.7 h after the burst).
From preliminary photometry, we detect the optical/NIR counterpart (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN 40259; Liu et al., GCN 40260; Becerra et al., GCN 40261) with the following magnitudes:
r = 18.1 +/- 0.3 (AB; calibrated against the Pan-STARRS catalogue),
at a mid-time of 3.7 h after the trigger,
H = 15.3 +/- 0.2 (Vega; calibrated against the 2MASS catalogue),
at a mid-time of 3.7 h after the trigger,
GCN Circular 40265
Subject
EP250427A/GRB250427A: Keck/LRIS redshift
Date
2025-04-27T14:11:22Z (a month ago)
From
Ryan Chornock at UC Berkeley <chornock@berkeley.edu>
Via
email
R.Chornock, E. Hammerstein, X. Guo (UC Berkeley) report:
We observed the optical afterglow (GCNs 40258, 40259, 40260, 40261, 40263, 40264) of EP250427a (GCN 40257)/GRB 250427a (GCN 40262) using the Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer on the Keck-I telescope at a mean time of 12:36UT on 2025 Apr 27. Observations covered the range 3140-10300 Angstroms.
A continuum is well detected across the full spectral range with many absorption lines present. We identify a strong doublet at observed wavelengths of 3900.3,3906.7 Angs as CIV at z=1.519 from the highest redshift system detected. There are also many lines (C II, C IV, Fe II, Mg I, Mg II) from a stronger low-redshift system at z=1.406.
Further analysis is ongoing.
GCN Circular 40266
Subject
EP250427a / GRB 250427A: VLT/X-shooter redshift confirmation z = 1.520
Date
2025-04-27T15:39:47Z (a month ago)
From
Daniele B. Malesani at IMAPP / Radboud University <d.malesani@astro.ru.nl>
Via
Web form
A. Saccardi (CEA/Irfu), V. Abril-Melgarejo (LUX-Paris Obs.), Z. P. Zhu (NAOC), V. D’Elia (ASI/SSDC), A. J. Levan (Radboud and Warwick), D. B. Malesani (DAWN/NBI and Radboud), A. Martin-Carrillo (UCD), B. Schneider (LAM), N. R. Tanvir (Leicester), A. L. Thakur (INAF/IAPS), S. D. Vergani (LUX-Paris Obs.), K. Wiersema (Hertfordshire), D. Xu (NAOC), report on behalf of the Stargate collaboration:
We observed the optical counterpart (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN 40259; Liu et al., GCN 40260; Becerra et al., GCN 40261; Brivio et al., GCN 40264) of EP250427a / GRB 250427A (Wang et al., GCN 40257; Ravasio et al., GCN 40262) using the ESO VLT UT3 (Melipal) equipped with the X-shooter spectrograph. Our spectra cover the wavelength range 3000-21,000 AA, and consist of 2 exposures of 600 s each. The observation mid time was 2025 Apr 27.394 UT (5.80 hr after the GRB).
In a 30-s image taken in the r band at a mid time of 5.61 hr after the trigger, we measure a magnitude r = 18.40 +- 0.02 AB, calibrated against nearby stars from the Pan-STARRS catalog.
In a preliminary reduction of the spectra, we clearly observe a bright continuum over the entire covered wavelength range, detected at high S/N. The sightline is rich with intervening absorption systems, in particular C IV absorbers (1548,1550 doublet) are detected at z = 1.146, 1.222, 1.231, 1.405, 1.407, 1.518, and 1.520.
The highest-redshift system is only securely detected in C IV and Si IV (at both z = 1.518 and 1.520). There is a possible indication of Lyman alpha absorption at the very blue end of the spectrum, with very low column density (much less than a DLA). The system at z = 1.405/1.407 is on the other hand the strongest and has detection in many species at both high and low ionization, including Si II, C II, Si IV, C IV, Fe II, Al II, Al III, Mg II and Mg I, as well as a rich velocity structure. No emission lines are visible at any of the above mentioned redshifts.
Our data are therefore in good agreement with the results and the redshift value z = 1.520 already reported by Chornock et al. (GCN 40265) using the Keck telescope.
We acknowledge expert and efficient support from the observing staff at Paranal, in particular Boris Haeussler, Francesca Lucertini, Rodrigo Romero, and Elisa Garro.
GCN Circular 40267
Subject
EP250427a / GRB 250427A: LCO optical counterpart detection
Date
2025-04-27T16:30:09Z (a month ago)
From
Ismael Perez-Fournon at Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias <ipf@iac.es>
Via
Web form
I. Pérez-Fournon, F. Poidevin (IAC and ULL), D. Cano-Morales, A.E. Hernández-Díaz, I. Correa-Plasencia (ULL), and A. López-Oramas (IAC and ULL)
Following the detection of the fast X-ray transient EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN circ. 40257), detected also by Fermi-GBM, GRB 250427A (Ravasio et al., GCN circ. 40262), we observed the field with one of the two Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope network (LCOGT) 1-m telescopes, equipped with Sinistro cameras, located at the LCOGT node at McDonald Observatory (Texas) in the SDSS r filter. The observation started at 2025-04-27 10:10:47 UTC, about 6.53 hours after the EP-WXT trigger. An uncatalogued source is clearly detected at the optical counterpart position first reported by Perez-Garcia et al. (GCN circ. 40259) and with other optical and near-infrared detections reported by Liu et al. (GCN circ. 40260), Becerra et al. (GCN circ. 40261), Brivio et al. (GCN circ. 40264), Chornock et al. (redshift of z = 1.519, GCN circ. 40265), and Saccardi et al. (redshift of z = 1.520, GCN circ. 40266).
We measure the following magnitude, calibrated against Pan-STARRS DR2 stars, that is not corrected for Galactic extinction:
Date | UT start | mag | error | filter | exposure time (sec) |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
2025-04-27 10:10:47 18.55 0.10 r 180
This work makes use of observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network
(LCOGT observing programme IAC2025A-009, SGLF).
GCN Circular 40268
Subject
GRB 250427A: Swift-XRT refined Analysis
Date
2025-04-27T17:49:43Z (a month ago)
From
Phil Evans at U of Leicester <pae9@star.le.ac.uk>
Via
email
V. D'Elia (ASI-SSDC), E. Ambrosi (INAF/IASFPA), K.L. Page (U
Leicester), M. Ferro (INAF-OAB), R. Brivio (INAF-OAB), D.N. Burrows
(PSU), M. A. Williams (PSU), S. Dichiara (PSU), J.P. Osborne (U.
Leicester), A. D'Ai (INAF-IASFPA) and P.A. Evans (U. Leicester) reports
on behalf of the Swift-XRT team:
We have analysed 1.7 ks of XRT data for the Einstein Probe/WXT-detected
burst GRB 250427A, from 22.9 ks to 28.9 ks after the Einstein
Probe/WXT trigger. The data are entirely in Photon Counting (PC) mode.
We found an uncatalogued X-ray source within the estimated 3-sigma
EP-WXT error region. We find an XRT position: RA, Dec = 277.27280,
+7.5632 which is equivalent
to:
RA (J2000): 18h 29m 05.47s
Dec (J2000): +07° 33′ 47.6″
with an uncertainty of 3.9 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence).
This position is 6.9 arcsec from the EP-WXT position, and consistent
with the X-ray counterpart found in EP/FXT data (Wang et al. GCN 40257)
and with the optical counterpart reported by Perez-Garcia et al. (GCN
40259), Becerra et al. (GCN 40261), Ghosh et al. (GCN 40263), Brivio et
al. (GCN 40264).
The light curve is consistent with a constant source with a hint of
fading in the last segment. However, given the corresponding optical
counterpart and the measured redshift, we believe this to be the X-ray
afterglow. Further observations are planned.
A spectrum formed from the PC mode data can be fitted with an absorbed
power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.78 (+0.39, -0.28). The
best-fitting absorption column is consistent with the Galactic value
of 2.9 x 10^21 cm^-2 (Willingale et al. 2013). The counts to observed
(unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this
spectrum is 4.3 x 10^-11 (5.3 x 10^-11) erg cm^-2 count^-1.
A summary of the PC-mode spectrum is thus:
Total column: 2.9 (+/-1.3) x 10^21 cm^-2
Galactic foreground: 2.9 x 10^21 cm^-2
Excess significance: <1.6 sigma
Photon index: 1.78 (+0.39, -0.28)
The results of the XRT-team automatic analysis are available at
http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00019750.
This circular is an official product of the Swift-XRT team.
GCN Circular 40269
Subject
EP250427a: LT optical counterpart detection
Date
2025-04-28T07:34:08Z (a month ago)
From
qiang xi <xiqiang051@gmail.com>
Via
Web form
Qiang Xi (UCAS), I. Pérez-Fournon, F. Poidevin, D.S. Aguado, A. López-Oramas, D. Nespral (IAC and ULL), N.C. Sun, Z.X. Niu (UCAS and NAOC), W.X. Li, Y.N. Wang (NAOC):
We observed the field of the Einstein Probe WXT event EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN circ. 40257), using the 2.0-meter Liverpool Telescope (LT) located at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma, Spain. Observations were carried out with the IO:O instrument, starting on 2025-04-28 at 03:34UT.
We obtained a series of 3x60s exposures in each of the u, g, r, i, and z filters. An uncatalogued source is clearly detected in griz bands at the optical counterpart position first reported by Perez-Garcia et al. (GCN circ. 40259) and with other optical and near-infrared detections reported by Liu et al. (GCN circ. 40260), Becerra et al. (GCN circ. 40261), Brivio et al. (GCN circ. 40264), Chornock et al. (GCN circ. 40265), Saccardi et al. (GCN circ. 40266), Pérez-Fournon et al. ( GCN circ. 40267).
The preliminary r-band photometry for this source is reported below, calibrated with the Pan-STARRS catalog, and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
| UTC start | mag | error | filter | exposure time (sec) |
| ----------------------- | ----- | ----- | ------ | ------------------- |
| 2025-04-28 03:42:36.919 | 20.14 | 0.17 | SDSS-r | 3×60 |
GCN Circular 40270
Subject
GRB250427A/EP250427a GIT optical afterglow detection:
Date
2025-04-28T12:10:05Z (a month ago)
From
V. Swain at IIT Bombay <vishwajeet.s@iitb.ac.in>
Via
Web form
V. Swain (IITB), A. Salgundi (IITB), Y. Wagh (IITB), A.P. Saikia (IITB), D. Eappachen (IIA), V. Bhalerao (IITB), G.C. Anupama (IIA), S. Barway (IIA) and K. Angail (IAO) report on behalf of the GIT team:
We observed the field of of EP 250427a (Wang et al., GCN #40257), also detected by Fermi-GBM (Ravasio et al., GCN #40262) with 0.7m GROWTH-India Telescope (GIT) in g and r filters. We started the observation at 2025-04-27 19:19:43 UT, i.e., 15.68 hrs after the EP trigger. The source is detected at EP position and the position reported by TRT network (Liu et al., GRB #40260) and the photometry result follows as:
| JD (mid) | t-t0 (hours) | Filter | Exposure (s) | Mag (AB) |
| ----------------- | ----------- |------- | ------------------ | -------------- |
| 2460793.305359 | 15.68 | r' | 360 | 19.66+/- 0.10 |
| 2460793.318148 | 15.98 | g' | 360 | 20.47+/- 0.10 |
| 2460793.366678 | 17.15 | r' | 360 | 20.00+/- 0.09 |
The measurement is calibrated against PanSTARRS DR1 (Chambers et al., 2016) and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
The object is decaying with powerlaw index of 1.15 +/- 0.04. Further observations are under way. Our result is consistent with BOOTES-7 (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN #40259), TRT (Liu et al., GCN #40260), COLIBRÍ (Becerra et al., GCN #40261), REM (Brivio et al., GCN #40264), LCO (Pérez-Fournon et al., GCN #40267) LT (Qiang Xi et al., GCn #40269).
The GROWTH India Telescope (GIT; Kumar et al. 2022) is a 70-cm telescope with a 0.7-degree field of view, set up by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA) and the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) with funding from DST-SERB and IUSSTF. It is located at the Indian Astronomical Observatory (Hanle), operated by IIA. We acknowledge funding by the IITB alumni batch of 1994, which partially supports the operations of the telescope. Telescope technical details are available at https://sites.google.com/view/growthindia/.
GCN Circular 40272
Subject
EP250427a: Lesedi optical counterpart detection
Date
2025-04-28T13:43:45Z (a month ago)
From
Simon de Wet at University of Cape Town <simdewet@gmail.com>
Via
Web form
S. de Wet (DTU space), N. Erasmus (SAAO), W.X. Li (NAOC), N.C. Sun (UCAS,NAOC) report:
The SAAO 1-m Lesedi telescope located at Sutherland, South Africa, obtained 2x60 s exposures with the Mookodi low-resolution spectrograph and imager in each of the g,r and i bands of EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN 40257) beginning at 00:22:13 UTC on 2025 April 28 (0.87 days post-trigger).
We detect the optical counterpart reported by Perez-Garcia et al. (GCN 40259), Liu et al. (GCN 40260), Becerra et al. (GCN 40261), Ghosh et al. (GCN 40263), Brivio et al. (GCN 40264), Chornock et al. (GCN 40265), Saccardi et al. (GCN 40266), Perez-Fournon et al. (GCN 40267), and Xi et al. (GCN 40269) with the following AB magnitudes:
g = 20.66 +/- 0.09
r = 20.07 +/- 0.07
i = 19.69 +/- 0.08
Data was taken with the SAAO's 1-m Lesedi robotic telescope with the Mookodi low-resolution spectrograph and imager [1] as part of the SAAO “IO” rapid follow-up program [2]. We thank the SAAO IO team members including N. Erasmus, S. Potter, C. van Gend, H. Worters, S. Chandra, D. Cunnama, M. Hlakola, P. Rabe, R. Julie for making these observations possible.
[1] https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.10.2.025005
[2] https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3015250
GCN Circular 40273
Subject
EP250427a/GRB 250427A: FTW optical and NIR observations of the counterpart
Date
2025-04-28T17:06:44Z (a month ago)
From
Malte Busmann at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München <m.busmann@physik.lmu.de>
Via
Web form
Malte Busmann (LMU), Brendan O’Connor (Carnegie Mellon U.), Daniel Gruen (LMU) and Antonella Palmese (Carnegie Mellon U.) report:
We observed the counterpart of EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN 40257; Lipunov et al., GCN 40258; Perez-Garcia et al., GCN 40259; Liu et al., GCN 40260; Becerra et al., GCN 40261; Brivio et al., GCN 40264; Saccardi et al., GCN 40266; Pérez-Fournon et al., GCN 40267; Xi et al., GCN 40269; Swain et al., GCN 40270; Magnani et al., GCN 40271; de Wet et al., GCB 40272) which was also seen as sub-threshold GRB 250427A by Fermi/GBM (Ravasio et al., GCN 40262) with the Three Channel Imager (3KK) at the Fraunhofer Telescope at Wendelstein Observatory (FTW) in the r, i and J band simultaneously for 10 x 180 s starting at 2025-04-28T01:48:29 UT (0.92 days after the trigger). We detect the counterpart at
r = (20.17 +/- 0.03) mag
i = (19.75 +/- 0.03) mag
J = (18.91 +/- 0.03) mag.
The r and i band magnitudes are calibrated against the PS1 catalog and the J band is calibrated with the 2MASS Catalog. All magnitudes are provided in the AB system and are not corrected for Galactic extinction.
We thank Michael Schmidt from the Wendelstein Observatory staff for obtaining these observations.
GCN Circular 40274
Subject
EP250427a: EP-FXT follow-up observations
Date
2025-04-29T07:11:52Z (a month ago)
From
EP Team at NAOC/CAS <ep_ta@bao.ac.cn>
Via
Web form
Y. Wang (PMO, CAS), D. Y. Li (NAO, CAS), Y. Q. Zhao (USTC, PRIC), J. H. Wu (GZHU), Y. Liu (NAO, CAS) behalf of the Einstein Probe (EP) team:
After the EP-WXT detection of the fast X-ray transient EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN 40257), two follow-up observations have been conducted by EP-FXT.
The first follow-up observation was performed at 2025-04-27T08:38:17 (UTC), about 5.6 hours after the trigger, with an exposure time of 4.1 ks. On-ground analysis of the EP-FXT data identified an uncatalogued X-ray source within the EP-WXT error circle, at the coordinates (J2000): R.A., Dec. = 277.2728, 7.5625 deg, with an uncertainty of about 10 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence level, including both statistical and systematic errors). The 0.5-10 keV spectrum can be fitted with an absorbed power-law model, with the column density nH fixed at the Galactic value of 3.01e21 cm^-2, and a photon index of 1.89(+0.18, -0.18). The unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV flux is 4.2 (+0.6, -0.5) e-12 erg/s/cm^2. This is consistent with the Swift-XRT refined analysis (D'Elia et al. GCN 40268).
The FXT localization is consistant with the positions of the optical conterparts. The detection of the optical and IR counterpart has been reported in several GCNs (Lipunov et al. GCN 40258; Perez-Garcia et al. GCN 40259; Liu et al. GCN 40260; Becerra et al. GCN 40261; Brivio et al. GCN 40264; Saccardi et al. GCN 40266; Pérez-Fournon et al. GCN 40267; Xi et al. GCN 40269; Swain et al. GCN 40270; Magnani et al. GCN 40271; de Wet et al. GCN 40272), and the event was also detected as the sub-threshold GRB 250427A by Fermi/GBM (Ravasio et al. GCN 40262). And the redshift of EP240527a was measured to be 1.519 (Chornock et al. GCN 40265) or 1.520 (Saccardi et al. GCN40266).
The second follow-up observation was performed at 2025-04-28T14:13:49 (UTC), about 35.1 hours after the trigger, with an exposure time of 5.9 ks. The 0.5-10 keV spectrum can also be fitted with an absorbed power-law model, with nH fixed at the Galactic value of 3.01e21cm^-2, and a photon index fixed of 1.66 (+0.44, -0.41). The unabsorbed 0.5-10 keV flux is 5.0 (+2.1, -1.3) e-13 erg/s/cm^2.
All uncertainties quoted above are at the 90% confidence level.
Launched on January 9, 2024, EP is a space X-ray observatory to monitor the soft X-ray sky with X-ray follow-up capability (Yuan et al. 2022, Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics).
GCN Circular 40275
Subject
EP250427a / GRB 250427A: OHP/T193 photometric observations
Date
2025-04-29T08:49:00Z (a month ago)
From
Christophe Adami at LAM <christophe.adami@lam.fr>
Via
Web form
P. Amram (LAM/AMU), C. Adami (LAM/Pytheas/AMU), S. Vergani (CNRS, Obs. de Paris, LUX), S. Basa (Pytheas/OHP/LAM), A. Saccardi (CEA/Irfu), B. Schneider (LAM) report on behalf of the MISTRAL-GRB collaboration:
We observed EP250427a / GRB 250427A (Wang et al. GCN 40257, Ravasio et al. GCN 40262) using the T193cm telescope at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France) equipped with the MISTRAL spectro-imager in blue setting.
We obtained 2x60sec + 120sec + 3x600sec in the r’ band starting at 02:55:47UT on 2025-04-28 (T0+23.3 h after the trigger). The optical afterglow reported by Perez-Garcia et al. GCN 40259; Liu et al. GCN 40260; Becerra et al. GCN 40261; Brivio et al. GCN 40264; Chornock et al. GCN 40265; Saccardi et al. GCN 40266; Pérez-Fournon et al. GCN 40267; Xi et al. GCN 40269; Swain et al. GCN 40270; Magnani et al. GCN 40271; de Wet et al. GCN 40272; Busmann et al. GCN 40273 is detected at a preliminar value of r = 20.3 +/- 0.15 mag (AB).
The photometric calibration was performed using nearby stars from the PanSTARRS catalog and the magnitude is not corrected for Galactic extinction.
We acknowledge the excellent support from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence and in particular Jean Balcaen and Yoann Degot-Longhi.
GCN Circular 40279
Subject
GRB 250427A: Swift/UVOT Detection
Date
2025-04-29T18:59:07Z (a month ago)
From
Mike Siegel at PSU/Swift MOC <mhs18@psu.edu>
Via
Web form
M. H. Siegel (PSU) reports on behalf of the Swift UVOT team:
Swift/UVOT observed the field of GRB 250427A detected by Einstein Probe (Wang et al., GCN Circ. 40257) starting 22.9 ks after the burst.
A fading optical source was detected in the U-band consistent with the position of the uncatalogued X-ray source detected by Swift/XRT (D'Elia et al., GCN Circ 40268) and the optical afterglow detected by various facilities (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN Circ 40259; Liu et al., GCN Circ. 40260, Becerra et al,. GCN Circ. 40261; Brivio et al., GCN Circ 40264; Pérez-Fournon et al., GCN Circ. 40267; Xi et al., GCN Circ. 40269; Swain et al., GCN Circ 40270; de Wet et al., GCN Circ 40272; Busmann et al., GCN Circ. 40273; Amram et al., GCN Circ 40275).
The preliminary detection and 3-sigma upper limits calculated using the UVOT photometric system
(Breeveld et al. 2011, AIP Conf. Proc. 1358, 373) for the initial and subsequent exposures are:
Filter T_start(s) T_stop(s) Exp(s) Mag
u 22960 28938 1622 18.74+/-0.07
u 136546 153119 1721 >20.47
The magnitudes in the table are not corrected for the Galactic extinction
due to the reddening of E(B-V) = 0.209 in the direction of the burst
(Schlegel et al. 1998).
GCN Circular 40288
Subject
EP250427a / GRB 250427A: OHP/T193 continued photometric observations
Date
2025-04-30T12:54:46Z (a month ago)
Edited On
2025-05-01T13:45:17Z (a month ago)
From
Christophe Adami at LAM <christophe.adami@lam.fr>
Edited By
Judith Racusin at NASA/GSFC <judith.racusin@nasa.gov> on behalf of Christophe Adami at LAM <christophe.adami@lam.fr>
Via
Web form
P. Amram (LAM/AMU), S. Basa (Pytheas/OHP/LAM), C. Adami (LAM/Pytheas/AMU), N.A. Rakotondrainibe (LAM), S. Vergani (CNRS, Obs. de Paris, LUX), A. Saccardi (CEA/Irfu), J. T. Palmerio (CEA), B. Schneider (LAM), J. T. Palmerio (CEA/Irfu) report on behalf of the MISTRAL-GRB collaboration:
We re-observed EP250427a / GRB 250427A (Wang et al. GCN 40257, Ravasio et al. GCN 40262) using the T193cm telescope at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France) equipped with the MISTRAL spectro-imager in blue setting.
We obtained 3x900sec in the r’ band starting at 02:42:04UT on 2025-04-30 (T0+71.1 h after the trigger). The optical afterglow reported by Pérez-García et al. GCN 40259; Liu et al. GCN 40260; Becerra et al. GCN 40261; Brivio et al. GCN 40264; Chornock et al. GCN 40265; Saccardi et al. GCN 40266; Pérez-Fournon et al. GCN 40267; Xi et al. GCN 40269; Swain et al. GCN 40270; Magnani et al. GCN 40271; de Wet et al. GCN 40272; Busmann et al. GCN 40273, Wang et al. GCN40274, Amram et al. GCN 40275, Siegel et al. GCN 40279 is still detected at r = 21.50 +/- 0.18 mag (AB).
The photometric calibration was performed using nearby stars from the PanSTARRS catalog and the magnitude is not corrected for Galactic extinction.
We acknowledge the excellent support from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence and in particular J. Schmitt, J.C. Brunel, F. Huppert, F. Moreau, Stephane Favard, Jean Pierre Troncin, Jean Balcaen and Yoann Degot-Longhi.
GCN Circular 40289
Subject
EP250427a/GRB250427A: HCT optical follow-up
Date
2025-04-30T12:55:53Z (a month ago)
From
anirudhsalgundi@gmail.com
Via
Web form
D. Eappachen (IIA), V. Swain (IITB), A. Salgundi (IITB), D.K. Sahu (IIA), A.P. Saikia (IITB), G. C. Anupama (IIA), V. Bhalerao (IITB), A. Balasubramanian (IIA), S. Barway (IIA), S. Bandari (IAO):
We observed the field of EP250427a (Wang et al., GCN #40257), also detected by Fermi-GBM (Ravasio et al., GCN #40262) with the 2.0m Himalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT) of the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO). We obtained multiple exposures in the SDSS
r' filter starting at 2025-04-29 22:10:49.88 UT (~2.77 days post trigger). We detected the source in our stacked image and obtained the following photometric result:
| JD (mid) | Filter | Exposure (s) | Mag (AB) | Limiting Magnitude (AB) |
| ----------------- | ------- | ------------------ | -------------- |--------------|
| 2460795.433742 | r' | 5 x 240 | 21.70 +/- 0.12 | 21.9 |
The magnitudes are calibrated against PanSTARRS DR1 (Chambers et al., 2016) and not corrected for Galactic extinction.
Our result is consistent with BOOTES-7 (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN #40259), TRT (Liu et al., GCN #40260), COLIBRÍ (Becerra et al., GCN #40261), REM (Brivio et al., GCN #40264), LCO (Pérez-Fournon et al., GCN #40267), LT (Qiang Xi et al., GCN #40269), GIT (Swain et al., GCN #40270), COLIBRÍ (Magnani et al., GCN #40271), Lesedi (S. de Wet et al., GCN #40272), FTW (Busmann et al., GCN #40273), OHP/T193 (Amram et al., GCN #40275).
These observations were carried out under the ToO program HCT-2025-C1-P08. We thank the HCT staff for their support during the observations. The Indian Astronomical Observatory is operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bengaluru, India.
GCN Circular 40293
Subject
EP 250427A: Optical counterpart detection by LCO.
Date
2025-04-30T18:45:08Z (a month ago)
From
ankur ghosh at CAPP, University of Johannesburg <ghosh.ankur1994@gmail.com>
Via
Web form
Ankur Ghosh, Soebur Razzaque (CAPP, University of Johannesburg), Alexander Moskvitin, Yulia Sotnikova (SAO RAS), Naveen Dukiya (ARIES), Rahul Gupta (NASA GSFC) on behalf of a larger collaboration.
We observed the field of the EP 250427A triggered by the Wide-field X-ray Telescope (WXT) on board the Einstein Probe (EP) mission and Fermi (Wang et al. GCN 40257, Ravasio et al. GCN 40262) in the r filter of the 0.4 m SCICAM QHY600 at the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope (LCOGT) node located at South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO). The 0.4 m SCICAM QHY600 is equipped with 9576 x 6388 pixel CCD (FOV: 1.9 x 1.2 degrees, scale: 0.74 arcsec/pixel) but we only used the FOV of 30 x 30 arcmin for our observation.
Observations began on April 27, 2025, starting 19.90 hours after the GRB trigger.
We clearly detect the optical transient (OT) reported by GCNs (Perez-Garcia et al., GCN #40259), TRT (Liu et al., GCN #40260), COLIBRÍ (Becerra et al., GCN #40261), REM (Brivio et al., GCN #40264), LCO (Pérez-Fournon et al., GCN #40267), LT (Qiang Xi et al., GCN #40269), GIT (Swain et al., GCN #40270), COLIBRÍ (Magnani et al., GCN #40271), Lesedi (S. de Wet et al., GCN #40272), FTW (Busmann et al., GCN #40273), OHP/T193 (Amram et al., GCN #40275, Amram et al., GCN #40288, Eappachen et al., GCN #40289) in our r band image.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Date| |JD start| |t-T0 (hours)| |Exp (sec)| |Filter| |Magnitude|
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2025-04-27 2460793.48177 19.91 2 x 600 r r = 19.05 +/- 0.07
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The field was calibrated against nearby APASS stars, with magnitudes converted using Lupton (2005) equations, and has not been corrected for Galactic extinction.
GCN Circular 40306
Subject
EP250427a / GRB 250427A: OHP/T193 photometric observations: third visit
Date
2025-05-01T16:12:13Z (a month ago)
From
Christophe Adami at LAM <christophe.adami@lam.fr>
Via
Web form
C. Adami (LAM/Pytheas/AMU), S. Basa (Pytheas/OHP/LAM), N.A. Rakotondrainibe (LAM), S. Vergani (CNRS, Obs. de Paris, LUX), A. Saccardi (CEA/Irfu), B. Schneider (LAM), J. T. Palmerio (CEA/Irfu) report on behalf of the MISTRAL-GRB collaboration:
We observed EP250427a / GRB 250427A (Wang et al. GCN 40257, Ravasio et al. GCN 40262) a third time using the T193cm telescope at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (France) equipped with the MISTRAL spectro-imager in blue setting.
We obtained 1x72sec + 1x600sec + 1x900sec + 4x720sec in the r’ band starting at 01:34:13UT on 2025-05-01 (T0+93.9 h after the trigger). In the stacked image, we do not significantly detect the optical afterglow reported by Pérez-García et al. GCN 40259; Liu et al. GCN 40260; Becerra et al. GCN 40261; Brivio et al. GCN 40264; Chornock et al. GCN 40265; Saccardi et al. GCN 40266; Pérez-Fournon et al. GCN 40267; Xi et al. GCN 40269; Swain et al. GCN 40270; Magnani et al. GCN 40271; de Wet et al. GCN 40272; Busmann et al. GCN 40273, Wang et al. GCN40274, Amram et al. GCN 40275, Siegel et al. GCN 40279, Amram et al. GCN 40288, Eappachen et al. GCN 40289, and Ghosh et al. GCN 40293 down to the following 5-sigma upper limit: r > 22.8.
If we force the detection at the EP250427a afterglow position, we get a very marginal detection just below the detection limit with a preliminary magnitude of r=23.1+/-0.35
The photometric calibration was performed using nearby stars from the PanSTARRS catalog and the magnitude is not corrected for Galactic extinction.
We acknowledge the excellent support from the Observatoire de Haute-Provence and in particular Jean Balcaen, and the SOPHIE observer Owin Scutt.
GCN Circular 40488
Subject
EP250427a/GRB250427A: VLA Detection of Radio Counterpart
Date
2025-05-19T03:14:19Z (11 days ago)
From
Tao An at SHAO, CAS <antao@shao.ac.cn>
Via
Web form
Tao An and Yuanqi Liu (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory) report on behalf of a large collaboration.
We report the detection of a radio counterpart to the fast X-ray transient EP250427a, discovered by the Einstein Probe on 2025 April 27 (Wang et al., GCN 40257). EP250427a, also designated GRB250427A (Ravasio et al. GCN 40262), is a transient X-ray source notable for its rapid rise and decay in X-ray emission, peaking within minutes of detection. This behavior, combined with its potential association with a gamma-ray burst (GRB), suggests it may belong to a rare class of high-energy astrophysical phenomena. Initial follow-up observations in X-rays and optical wavelengths reported a faint, uncatalogued host galaxy at its position (Liu et al., GCN 40260), with subsequent spectroscopic observations confirming the host galaxy redshift of z=1.52 (Saccardi et al., GCN 40266).
On 2025 May 5, at approximately UT 11:25 (mid-time of the observation), we conducted observations using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) under DDT program VLA/25A-467. The observations were carried out at central frequencies of 6 GHz (C-band) and 10 GHz (X-band). We detected a radio source coincident with the position of EP250427a, with measured flux densities of 26 +/- 7 μJy at 6 GHz and 77 +/- 7 μJy at 10 GHz. These values yield an inverted radio spectrum with a spectral index \alpha ≈ 2.1 (where S \propto ν^\alpha), hinting at physical processes such as synchrotron self-absorption.
The inverted spectrum is consistent with an early-time radio afterglow where the emission region is still compact. Continued VLA monitoring is planned to track the flux density and spectral evolution of the radio counterpart, which will help refine models of its emission mechanism and constrain the energetics of the event.
We express our gratitude to the VLA TAC for approving the DDT proposal and to the VLA staff for their swift scheduling and support during these observations.