IceCube-260125A

Robert Stein (JSI), Jannis Necker (Leiden University), Akshay Eranhalodi (DESY), and Anna Franckowiak (Ruhr University Bochum) report,

On behalf of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH) collaborations: 

As part of the ZTF neutrino follow up program (Stein et al. 2023), we observed the localization region of the neutrino event IceCube-260125A (Zegarelli et. al, GCN 43512
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 ) with the Palomar 48-inch telescope, equipped with the 47 square degree ZTF camera (Bellm et al. 2019, Graham et al. 2019). We started observations in the g- and r-band beginning at 2026-01-25 11:15 UTC, approximately 1.1 hours after event time. We covered 100.0% (1.3 sq deg) of the reported localization region. This estimate accounts for chip gaps. Each exposure was 300s with a typical depth of 21.0 mag. 
 
The images were processed in real-time through the ZTF reduction and image subtraction pipelines at IPAC to search for potential counterparts (Masci et al. 2019). AMPEL (Nordin et al. 2019, Stein et al. 2021) was used to search the alerts database for candidates. We reject stellar sources (Tachibana and Miller 2018) and moving objects, and apply machine learning algorithms (Mahabal et al. 2019). 

No candidate counterparts were detected. 

Based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Award #2407588 and a partnership including Caltech, USA; Caltech/IPAC, USA; University of Maryland, USA; University of California, Berkeley, USA; University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, USA; Cornell University, USA; Drexel University, USA; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Institute of Science and Technology, Austria; National Central University, Taiwan, and OKC, University of Stockholm, Sweden. Operations are conducted by Caltech's Optical Observatory (COO), Caltech/IPAC, and the University of Washington at Seattle, USA.

GROWTH acknowledges generous support of the NSF under PIRE Grant No 1545949.
Alert distribution service provided by DIRAC@UW (Patterson et al. 2019).
Alert database searches are done by AMPEL (Nordin et al. 2019).
Alert filtering is performed with the nuztf (Stein et al. 2021, https://github.com/desy-multimessenger/nuztf ).

The IceCube Collaboration (http://icecube.wisc.edu/) reports:

IceCube has performed a search [1] for additional track-like muon neutrino events arriving from the direction of IceCube-260125A (https://gcn.nasa.gov/circulars/43512
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 ) in a time range of 1000 seconds centered on the alert event time (2026-01-25 10:01:19.880 UTC to 2026-01-25 10:17:59.880 UTC) during which IceCube was collecting good quality data. Excluding the event  that prompted the alert, zero track-like events are found within the 90% containment region of IceCube-260125A. We report a p-value of 1.00 in this time window.  IceCube’s sensitivity to neutrino point sources with an E^-2.5 spectrum, expressed as E^2 dN/dE evaluated at 1 TeV, ranges from 1.3e-01 to 1.4e-01 GeV cm^-2 within the 90% spatial containment region of IceCube-260125A in a 1000 second  time window. 90% of events IceCube would detect from a source at this declination with an E^-2.5 spectrum have energies in the approximate energy range between 3e+02 GeV and 1e+05 GeV.

A subsequent search was performed including 2 days of data centered on the alert event time (2026-01-24 10:09:39.880 UTC to 2026-01-26 10:09:39.880 UTC). In this case, we report a p-value of 1.00, consistent with no significant excess of track events. IceCube’s sensitivity to neutrino point sources with an E^-2.5 spectrum, expressed as E^2 dN/dE evaluated at 1 TeV, is 1.5e-01 GeV cm^-2 within the 90% spatial containment region of IceCube-260125A in a 2 day time window.

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector operating at the geographic South Pole, Antarctica. The IceCube realtime alert point of contact can be reached at roc@icecube.wisc.edu.

[1] IceCube Collaboration, R. Abbasi  et al., ApJ 910 4 (2021)

L. Pfeiffer (Univ. of Wuerzburg), S. Buson (DESY, Univ. of Wuerzburg) and S. Garrappa (Weizmann Institute of Science) on behalf of the Fermi-LAT collaboration:

We report an analysis of observations of the vicinity of the high-energy IC260125A neutrino event (GCN 43512
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 ) with all-sky survey data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT), on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The IceCube event was detected on 2026-01-25 at 10:09:39.88 UTC (T0) with J2000 position RA = 243.72 (+0.52, -0.56) deg, Decl. = 6.69 (+0.62, -0.61) deg 90% PSF containment (J2000). No cataloged gamma-ray sources are found within the 90% IC260125A localization error (4FGL-DR4; The Fourth Fermi-LAT catalog Data Release 4, The Fermi-LAT collaboration 2023, arXiv:2307.12546
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 ).

We searched for the existence of intermediate (days to years) timescale emission from a new gamma-ray transient source. Preliminary analysis indicates no significant (>5sigma) new excess emission (> 100 MeV) within the IC260125A 90% confidence localization. Assuming a power-law spectrum (photon index = 2.0 fixed) for a point source at the IC260125A best-fit position, the >100 MeV flux upper limit (95% confidence) is < 1.4e-10 ph cm^-2 s^-1 for ~17-years (2008-08-04 / T0), <5.3e-09 (<8.8e-08) ph cm^-2 s^-1 for a 1-month (1-day) integration time before T0.

Since Fermi normally operates in an all-sky scanning mode, regular monitoring of this source will continue. For this analysis, the Fermi-LAT contact person is L. Pfeiffer (leonard.pfeiffer at uni-wuerzburg.de).

The Fermi LAT is a pair conversion telescope designed to cover the energy band from 20 MeV to greater than 300 GeV. It is the product of an international collaboration between NASA and DOE in the U.S. and many scientific institutions across France, Italy, Japan and Sweden.

The IceCube Collaboration (http://icecube.wisc.edu/) reports:

On 26-01-25 at 10:09:39.88 UT IceCube detected a track-like event with a moderate probability of being of astrophysical origin. 
The event was selected by the ICECUBE_Astrotrack_BRONZE alert stream.
The average astrophysical neutrino purity for Bronze alerts is 30%.
This alert has an estimated false alarm rate of 1.9783 events per year due to atmospheric 
backgrounds.
The IceCube detector was in a normal operating state at the time of detection.

After the initial automated alert (https://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_amon_g_b/141985_63695019.amon), more sophisticated reconstruction algorithms have been applied offline, with the direction refined to:

Date: 26-01-25
Time: 10:09:39.88 UT
RA: 243.72 (+0.52/-0.56 deg 90% PSF containment) J2000
Dec: 6.69 (+0.62/-0.61 deg 90% PSF containment) J2000

As announced in GCN Circular 43419
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 , IceCube alert notices for high-energy track alerts are now also streamed via Kafka. IceCube Gold/Bronze track alerts are available on the Kafka topic 'gcn.notices.icecube.gold_bronze_track_alerts'.
The probability distribution of the true neutrino direction, allowing the extraction of precise 90% containment regions around the best-fit direction, is now available for revised reconstruction of high-energy track alerts.
The corresponding sky map is distributed as a FITS file and follows the explicit naming convention IceCube-YYMMDDX (e.g. IceCube-260125A, for this alert), where YYMMDD indicates the date of the event and X is a letter distinguishing multiple alerts on the same day. The download link (e.g., for this alert https://roc-2.icecube.wisc.edu/public/alerts/IceCube-260125A_skymap_probdensity_multiorder.fits.gz) is provided through the GCN schema distributed via Kafka.
Additional information will be soon available at https://gcn.nasa.gov/missions/icecube.
In the near future, classical GCN stream will be deactivated.

No known gamma-ray sources listed in the Fermi 4FGL-DR4 or 3FHL catalogs are located within the 90% uncertainty region of this event.

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory is a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector operating at the geographic South Pole, Antarctica.

The IceCube realtime alert point of contact can be reached at roc@icecube.wisc.edu